华为HCIEv3.0考试实战域间MPLS VPN Option解决方案2
补充上一篇没有发布完的步骤9.调整优化的转发路径，需要完整2个案例可联系网站客服
在步骤8中，站点之间的数据转发并没有按照最短路径转发，接下来我们来做数据转发的进一步调整。
R2：
Bgp 100
ipv4-family vpnv4 //在VPNv4地址族下
peer 11.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable //对VPNv4-IBGP邻居做下一跳不变命令
peer 55.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable //对VPNv4-EBGP邻居做下一跳不变命令
R5:
Bgp 200
ipv4-family vpnv4
peer 22.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable
peer 66.1.1.1 next-hop-invariable
刷新BGP路由表之后查看RR上的VPNv4路由
<R2-RR>display bgp vpnv4 all routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.12.2
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total number of routes from all PE: 4
Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.1.17.0/24 11.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
10.1.68.0/24 66.1.1.1 0 200?
*>i 77.1.1.1/32 11.1.1.1 2 100 0 ?
88.1.1.1/32 66.1.1.1 0 200? //此时去往远端客户端站点的下一跳变为了66.1.1.1，即远端PE
<R5-RR>display bgp vpnv4 all routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.56.5
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total number of routes from all PE: 4
Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
10.1.17.0/24 11.1.1.1 0 100?
*>i 10.1.68.0/24 66.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
77.1.1.1/32 11.1.1.1 0 100? //此时去往远端客户端站点的下一跳变为了11.1.1.1，而且这些路由并不优化，不优化的原因是下一跳地址（11.1.1.1）不可达或者到达下一跳的LSP不成功
*>i 88.1.1.1/32 66.1.1.1 2 100 0 ?
解决下一跳不优化的方案是在ASBR上通告PE的更新源地址：
[R3-bgp-af-ipv4]network 11.1.1.1 32 //在ASBR的IPv4单播地址族通告PE的更新源地址的路由
[R4-bgp]network 66.1.1.1 32
再来查看RR的BGP表和VPNv4路由表
<R2-RR>display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.12.2
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total Number of Routes: 2
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 55.1.1.1/32 33.1.1.1 1 100 0 200i
*>i 66.1.1.1/32 33.1.1.1 1 100 0 200i
<R2-RR>display bgp vpnv4 all routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.12.2
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total number of routes from all PE: 4
Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.1.17.0/24 11.1.1.1 0 100 0 ?
*> 10.1.68.0/24 66.1.1.1 0 200?
*>i 77.1.1.1/32 11.1.1.1 2 100 0 ?
*> 88.1.1.1/32 66.1.1.1 0 200?
PE上的VPNv4路由表也发生变化，去往远端站点路由的下一跳成为了PE的更新源，而且优化。查看如下
<R1>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.12.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total number of routes from all PE: 4
Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 10.1.17.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*>i 10.1.68.0/24 66.1.1.1 100 0 200?
*> 77.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 2 0 ?
*>i 88.1.1.1/32 66.1.1.1 100 0 200? //关注下一跳为远端PE的更新源66.1.1.1
VPN-Instance QYT, Router ID 10.1.12.1:
Total Number of Routes: 4
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 10.1.17.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*>i 10.1.68.0/24 66.1.1.1 100 0 200?
*> 77.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 2 0 ?
*>i 88.1.1.1/32 66.1.1.1 100 0 200?
<R6>dis bgp vpnv4 all routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.56.6
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total number of routes from all PE: 4
Route Distinguisher: 1:1
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.1.17.0/24 11.1.1.1 100 0 100?
*> 10.1.68.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*>i 77.1.1.1/32 11.1.1.1 100 0 100? //关注下一跳为远端PE的更新源11.1.1.1
*> 88.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 2 0 ?
VPN-Instance QYT, Router ID 10.1.56.6:
Total Number of Routes: 4
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 10.1.17.0/24 11.1.1.1 100 0 100?
*> 10.1.68.0/24 0.0.0.0 0 0 ?
*>i 77.1.1.1/32 11.1.1.1 100 0 100?
*> 88.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 2 0 ?
之前我们关注的LSP是在RR和RR之间，那么此时由于PE上远端路由的下一跳为远端PE，所以此时在PE之间直接建立了BGP的LSP，查看如下
<R1>display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.12.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total Number of Routes: 2
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 55.1.1.1/32 33.1.1.1 1 100 0 200i
*>i 66.1.1.1/32 33.1.1.1 1 100 0 200i //首先必须得到远端PE的更新源的BGP路由
<R1>display bgp routing-table label
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.12.1
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total Number of Routes: 2
Network NextHop In/Out Label
*>i 55.1.1.1 33.1.1.1 NULL/1029
*>i 66.1.1.1 33.1.1.1 NULL/1028 //为转发数据到达远端PE（66.1.1.1）直接通过标签1028转发
<R1>display mpls lsp
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
10.1.17.0/24 1026/NULL -/- QYT
77.1.1.1/32 1027/NULL -/- QYT
66.1.1.1/32 NULL/1028 -/- //去往下一跳66.1.1.1的外层标签，内层标签需要在R6上查看IN标签
55.1.1.1/32 NULL/1029 -/-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
22.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/0
22.1.1.1/32 1024/3 -/GE0/0/0
11.1.1.1/32 3/NULL -/-
33.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/2
33.1.1.1/32 1025/3 -/GE0/0/2
查看1028这个标签的详细内容
<R1>display mpls lsp include 66.1.1.1 32 verbose
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No : 1
VrfIndex :
RD Value : 0:0
Fec : 66.1.1.1/32
Nexthop : 33.1.1.1 //下一跳为33.1.1.1，我们还需要查看R3上的LSP（作为ASBR会有特殊的标签行为）
In-Label : NULL
Out-Label : 1033
In-Interface : ----------
Out-Interface : ----------
LspIndex : 4098
Token : 0xa
LsrType : Ingress //作为本端PE到远端PE LSP的入口角色
Outgoing token : 0x5
Label Operation : PUSH //标签行为是压入
Mpls-Mtu : ------
TimeStamp : 463sec
FrrToken : 0x0
FrrOutgoingToken : 0x0
BGPKey : -------
BackupBGPKey : -------
FrrOutLabel : -------
<R6>display mpls lsp //在远端出口PE查看到88.1.1.1的内层标签
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
10.1.68.0/24 1032/NULL -/- QYT
88.1.1.1/32 1027/NULL -/- QYT //远端PE为88.1.1.1这条VPN路由分配的最内层标签为1027
11.1.1.1/32 NULL/1032 -/-
22.1.1.1/32 NULL/1027 -/-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
66.1.1.1/32 3/NULL -/-
44.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/2
44.1.1.1/32 1024/3 -/GE0/0/2
55.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/0
55.1.1.1/32 1025/3 -/GE0/0/0
R1的下一跳为R3，所以查看R3的LSP和标签转发行为
<R3>display mpls lsp
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
11.1.1.1/32 1024/NULL -/-
22.1.1.1/32 1025/NULL -/-
55.1.1.1/32 NULL/1024 -/-
66.1.1.1/32 NULL/1025 -/-
66.1.1.1/32 1028/1025 -/- //到达远端PE的更新源的出方向标签为1025，此处先把R1发送过来的1028交换为1025，再进行ASBR的压入处理
55.1.1.1/32 1029/1024 -/-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
33.1.1.1/32 3/NULL -/-
22.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/1
22.1.1.1/32 1026/3 -/GE0/0/1
11.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/2
11.1.1.1/32 1027/3 -/GE0/0/2
<R3>display mpls lsp include 66.1.1.1 32 verbose
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No : 1
VrfIndex :
RD Value : 0:0
Fec : 66.1.1.1/32
Nexthop : 10.1.34.4
In-Label : NULL
Out-Label : 1025
In-Interface : ----------
Out-Interface : ----------
LspIndex : 4099
Token : 0x7
LsrType : Ingress
Outgoing token : 0x1
Label Operation : PUSH
Mpls-Mtu : ------
TimeStamp : 4623sec
FrrToken : 0x0
FrrOutgoingToken : 0x0
BGPKey : -------
BackupBGPKey : -------
FrrOutLabel : -------
No : 2
VrfIndex :
RD Value : 0:0
Fec : 66.1.1.1/32
Nexthop : -------
In-Label : 1028
Out-Label : 1025
In-Interface : ----------
Out-Interface : ----------
LspIndex : 4100
Token : 0x0
LsrType : Egress
Outgoing token : 0x0
Label Operation : SWAPPUSH //作为ASBR的出方向角色，先进行了标签交换（1028交换为1025），然后为ASBR之间的连续的LSP压入标签1025，以便到达远端ASBR，在远端ASBR会做POPGO处理
Mpls-Mtu : ------
TimeStamp : 4618sec
FrrToken : 0x0
FrrOutgoingToken : 0x0
BGPKey : 0x2
BackupBGPKey : -------
FrrOutLabel : -------
查看ASBR R4的LSP
R4>display mpls lsp
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
11.1.1.1/32 NULL/1024 -/-
22.1.1.1/32 NULL/1025 -/-
55.1.1.1/32 1024/NULL -/-
66.1.1.1/32 1025/NULL -/- //承接对端ASBR（R3） 发送进来的标签1025，出标签为NULL
22.1.1.1/32 1028/1025 -/-
11.1.1.1/32 1029/1024 -/-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
55.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/1
55.1.1.1/32 1026/3 -/GE0/0/1
44.1.1.1/32 3/NULL -/-
66.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/2
66.1.1.1/32 1027/3 -/GE0/0/2
<R4>display mpls lsp include 66.1.1.1 32 vebose //继续查看达到远端PE的更新源的LSP详细信息
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No : 1
VrfIndex :
RD Value : 0:0
Fec : 66.1.1.1/32
Nexthop : -------
In-Label : 1025
Out-Label : NULL
In-Interface : ----------
Out-Interface : ----------
LspIndex : 4099
Token : 0x0
LsrType : Egress
Outgoing token : 0x6
Label Operation : POPGO //此时的ASBR作为PE到PE之间隧道的次末跳，所以要弹掉标签，然后仅仅保留最内层标签转发到R6
Mpls-Mtu : ------
TimeStamp : 5450sec
FrrToken : 0x0
FrrOutgoingToken : 0x0
BGPKey : -------
BackupBGPKey : -------
FrrOutLabel : -------
最后验证转发情况
<R7>trac -a 77.1.1.1 88.1.1.1
traceroute to 88.1.1.1(88.1.1.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break
1 10.1.17.1 10 ms 20 ms 20 ms
2 10.1.13.3 40 ms 50 ms 20 ms
3 10.1.34.4 40 ms 30 ms 30 ms
4 10.1.68.6 30 ms 40 ms 40 ms
5 10.1.68.8 40 ms 40 ms 50 ms
<R8>tracert -a 88.1.1.1 77.1.1.1
traceroute to 77.1.1.1(77.1.1.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break
1 10.1.68.6 30 ms 20 ms 20 ms
2 10.1.46.4 40 ms 60 ms 40 ms
3 10.1.34.3 40 ms 30 ms 40 ms
4 10.1.17.1 40 ms 30 ms 30 ms
5 10.1.17.7 40 ms 50 ms 50 ms
可以看到此时数据不必经过RR，而直接采用了优化的转发路径。总体上的标签过程如下图所示
到此Option解决方案1实施完毕。
方案2.ASBR上具备bgp分配IPv4单播路由的能力，在ASBR上把PE的BGP更新源路由引入到IGP中，域内的LDP为IGP分发标签，使用2层标签。
在解决方案1的基础上继续完成解决方案2，即在控制层面不需要做额外的其他实施，仅仅需要修改转发层面。
确保远端PE的更新源地址存在于BGP方式的路由表中
<R3>display ip routing-table protocol bgp
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : BGP
Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
BGP routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
55.1.1.1/32 EBGP 255 1 RD 10.1.34.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
66.1.1.1/32 EBGP 255 1 RD 10.1.34.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
<R4>dis ip routing-table protocol bgp
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : BGP
Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
BGP routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 2 Routes : 2
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
11.1.1.1/32 EBGP 255 1 RD 10.1.34.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
22.1.1.1/32 EBGP 255 1 RD 10.1.34.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
在ASBR把对端PE的更新源路由，从BGP协议引入到IGP的OSPF中
[R3]ospf
[R3-ospf-1]import-route bgp
[R4]ospf
[R4-ospf-1]import-route bgp
查看PE设备上学习到远端PE的更新源的路由，并确保这些路由存在于IGP路由表中，以便于LDP为这些路由分发标签
<R1>display ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 5 Routes : 6
OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 5 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.23.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.13.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
22.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.12.2 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
33.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.13.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
55.1.1.1/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.13.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
66.1.1.1/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.13.3 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
<R6>dis ip routing-table protocol ospf
Route Flags: R - relay, D - download to fib
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Public routing table : OSPF
Destinations : 5 Routes : 6
OSPF routing table status : <Active>
Destinations : 5 Routes : 6
Destination/Mask Proto Pre Cost Flags NextHop Interface
10.1.45.0/24 OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.56.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
OSPF 10 2 D 10.1.46.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
11.1.1.1/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.46.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
22.1.1.1/32 O_ASE 150 1 D 10.1.46.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
44.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.46.4 GigabitEthernet0/0/2
55.1.1.1/32 OSPF 10 1 D 10.1.56.5 GigabitEthernet0/0/0
在ASBR即R3和R4上，MPLS下开启为BGP标签路由分发新的标签的能力
[R3]mpls
[R3-mpls]lsp-trigger bgp-label-route
！
[R4]mpls
[R4-mpls]lsp-trigger bgp-label-route
去掉除了ASBR之间的IPv4标签路由能力（在解决方案1中已经配置了ASBR之间的IPv4标签路由能力以及应用了路由策略，这些内容保持你）。
[R3-bgp]undo peer 22.1.1.1 label-route-capability
[R3-bgp]undo peer 22.1.1.1 route-policy PE export
[R4-bgp]undo peer 55.1.1.1 label-route-capability
[R4-bgp]undo peer 55.1.1.1 route-policy PE export
此时ASBR上的远端PE的更新源路由并不优化：
[R4-bgp]dis bgp rou
Total Number of Routes: 5
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*>i 11.1.1.1/32 22.1.1.1 100 0 100i
* 10.1.34.3 1 0 100i
*> 22.1.1.1/32 10.1.34.3 1 0 100i
*> 55.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
*> 66.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
[R3-bgp]dis bgp rou
Total Number of Routes: 5
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 11.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
*> 22.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
*> 55.1.1.1/32 10.1.34.4 1 0 200i
*>i 66.1.1.1/32 55.1.1.1 100 0 200i
* 10.1.34.4 1 0 200i
关闭RR之间的IPv4单播邻居关系以解决ASBR上没有正常学习路由的问题
[R2-RR-bgp-af-ipv4]und peer 55.1.1.1 enable
[R5-RR-bgp-af-ipv4]undo peer 22.1.1.1 enable
验证
<R3>dis bgp rou
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.34.3
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total Number of Routes: 4
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 11.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
*> 22.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
*> 55.1.1.1/32 10.1.34.4 1 0 200i
*> 66.1.1.1/32 10.1.34.4 1 0 200i
<R4>display bgp routing-table
BGP Local router ID is 10.1.34.4
Status codes: * - valid, > - best, d - damped,
h - history, i - internal, s - suppressed, S - Stale
Origin : i - IGP, e - EGP, ? - incomplete
Total Number of Routes: 4
Network NextHop MED LocPrf PrefVal Path/Ogn
*> 11.1.1.1/32 10.1.34.3 1 0 100i
*> 22.1.1.1/32 10.1.34.3 1 0 100i
*> 55.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
*> 66.1.1.1/32 0.0.0.0 1 0 i
验证数据转发如下：
<R7>tracert -a 77.1.1.1 88.1.1.1
traceroute to 88.1.1.1(88.1.1.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break
1 10.1.17.1 20 ms 20 ms 20 ms
2 10.1.13.3 40 ms 40 ms 30 ms
3 10.1.34.4 60 ms 40 ms 40 ms
4 10.1.68.6 40 ms 30 ms 30 ms
5 10.1.68.8 40 ms 50 ms 40 ms
验证沿途设备的标签情况
<R1>display mpls lsp include 66.1.1.1 32
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
66.1.1.1/32 NULL/1032 -/GE0/0/2
66.1.1.1/32 1030/1032 -/GE0/0/2
<R3>display mpls lsp include 66.1.1.1 32
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
66.1.1.1/32 NULL/1025 -/-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
66.1.1.1/32 1032/1025 -/-
<R4>display mpls lsp include 66.1.1.1 32
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
66.1.1.1/32 1025/NULL -/-
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
66.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/2
66.1.1.1/32 1027/3 -/GE0/0/2
<R6>display mpls lsp
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: BGP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
10.1.68.0/24 1026/NULL -/- QYT
88.1.1.1/32 1027/NULL -/- QYT
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LSP Information: LDP LSP
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FEC In/Out Label In/Out IF Vrf Name
66.1.1.1/32 3/NULL -/-
44.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/2
44.1.1.1/32 1024/3 -/GE0/0/2
55.1.1.1/32 NULL/3 -/GE0/0/0
55.1.1.1/32 1025/3 -/GE0/0/0
22.1.1.1/32 NULL/1030 -/GE0/0/2
22.1.1.1/32 1028/1030 -/GE0/0/2
11.1.1.1/32 NULL/1032 -/GE0/0/2
11.1.1.1/32 1030/1032 -/GE0/0/2
所以到达88.1.1.1的下一跳66.1.1.1的沿途的标签是在R1压入标签1032，在R3从1032交换为1025（该标签可以到达对端ASBR），1025的标签到达R4后被弹出。可以在R7使用跟踪带标签的命令验证 ：
<R7>tracert -v -a 77.1.1.1 88.1.1.1
traceroute to 88.1.1.1(88.1.1.1), max hops: 30 ,packet length: 40,press CTRL_C to break
1 10.1.17.1 20 ms 20 ms 10 ms
2 10.1.13.3[MPLS Label=1032/1027 Exp=0/0 S=0/1 TTL=1/1] 30 ms 40 ms 40 ms
3 10.1.34.4[MPLS Label=1025/1027 Exp=0/0 S=0/1 TTL=1/2] 30 ms 30 ms 30 ms
4 10.1.68.6 50 ms 30 ms 30 ms
5 10.1.68.8 40 ms 50 ms 30 ms
本案例实施完毕
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